ChannelParticipation modesRelationship typeSynchronicity
Budget assembliesIn-person eventsIn-person groupSynchronous
Delegate committee meetingsIn-person eventsIn-person groupSynchronous
Project expos and voting exposIn-person eventsIn-person groupSynchronous
Online idea platforms (Mindmixer, Open City Hall)Digital platformSelf-serviceAsynchronous
Paper ballots at City Hall and mobile sitesPaperSelf-serviceAsynchronous
Online voting (Stanford digital ballot)Digital platformSelf-serviceAsynchronous
High school voting drivesEmbedded in existing spacesEmbedded in a trusted intermediarySynchronous
Steering Committee organizations' networksEmbedded in existing spacesEmbedded in a trusted intermediaryMixed
Tabling at festivals, churches, farmers marketEmbedded in existing spacesOne-on-oneSynchronous
Door-to-door canvassing and phone bankingDoor-to-doorOne-on-oneSynchronous
Textizen text messagingPhone or textAutomatedAsynchronous
Social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, NextDoor)Social mediaMass or broadcastAsynchronous
Flyers, mailers, water-bill inserts, lawn signs, TV adsPrint and broadcast mediaMass or broadcastAsynchronous
pbvallejo.org and City newslettersDigital platformMass or broadcastAsynchronous
Maker’s note · curator

The channel mix shifted from stand-alone meetings to existing gatherings and screens. Cycle 1 ran nine assemblies at schools, churches, the senior center and the Boys and Girls Club (attendance 518, average 58), three expos with over 500 attendees, and a vote week at 13 sites where 35 percent voted at City Hall and 32 percent at mobile sites in supermarkets, transit hubs and places of worship. Cycle 2 added ten days of voting at 20 sites with expos beside the polls, Stanford's digital ballot on 25 Chromebooks (26 percent of votes), Textizen and TV spots; Cycle 3 opened remote online voting (two of three voters), reaching 64.5 percent online in Cycle 4 and 2,461 of 5,205 voters in Cycle 5, and moved assemblies into festivals, back-to-school nights and a Halloween carnival, cutting the cost per attendee from $27 to $9. Survey data across cycles found family, friends and community groups the main way people heard of PB, with flyers, e-mail and TV rising by Cycle 3, and door-to-door canvassing, social media and phone banking the least effective for the volunteer hours spent. Spanish interpretation and translated materials ran every cycle, with a Spanish-only assembly and Tagalog interpretation from Cycle 2; childcare was offered at most assemblies. Online voting was convenient but, as the Cycle 3 report admits, the typical online voter was an older white woman, so the channel widened rather than closed the representation gap.

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