EffectEffect typeEffect directionLevel of analysisMeasurement quality
Voters grew from 40,745 (2014) to 162,395 (2025)Behavior or practice changePositiveIndividual, CommunityVerified
Paper voting overtook online, 73% in 2019Behavior or practice changeMixed or unintendedCommunityVerified
Idea proposers down 58% (2015 to 2019)Behavior or practice changeNegativeCommunityVerified
Participants skew to employed, graduate, home-owning adultsBehavior or practice changeMixed or unintendedCommunityVerified
1,446 projects voted, 850 million eurosMaterial or project outcomePositiveCommunityVerified
72% of worksites finishedMaterial or project outcomePositiveCommunityVerified
36% of the money to quartiers populaires, mostly public spaceMaterial or project outcomeMixed or unintendedCommunityVerified
Cross-department project workCapacity builtPositiveOrganizationalTestified
Saturated services and a growing delivery backlogInstitutional or policy changeNegativeOrganizationalVerified
Innovative and previously unfunded projects got doneMaterial or project outcomePositiveOrganizational, CommunityTestified
Spin-offs: schools PB, landlords' PB, idea box, national networkInstitutional or policy changePositiveOrganizational, SocietalVerified
Homelessness vote fed policy demands and co-written callsBehavior or practice changePositiveInterpersonal, SocietalTestified
Vote experienced as a new civic rightMental model emergedPositiveCulturalTestified
Disappointment, suspicion and rejected projectsRelationships and trustNegativeInterpersonal, CommunityTestified
Adopted by borough mayors of all partiesInstitutional or policy changePositiveSocietalClaimed
Maker’s note · curator

What the sources can verify is mostly counts. Voting rose from 40,745 (1.8% of Parisians) in 2014 to 143,489 (6.5%) in 2019, fell to 106,326 in 2021 after the Covid gap and the switch to majority judgment, and reached 162,395 in 2025, with tens of thousands of pupils counted separately in the schools PB; the growth came from paper, since online voters plateaued from 2017. Proposing went the other way: idea proposers fell by 58% between 2015 and 2019 and halved in the quartiers populaires, as the window shrank and criteria tightened. The participants the data can see are women among voters, men among idea proposers, 25 to 54 year olds, and, in the 2019 survey, employed graduates who own their homes; the audit says the data cannot show the participation to be representative. From the open data, 1,446 winning projects carry 850.0 million euros over 2014-2025 (the City's own tally is 1,345 projects and 768 million by 2024); 3,956 of 5,510 worksites are finished, 65 projects abandoned, and for the 829 projects with both dates the median time from first studies to opening is 26 months, 32 on average, with the first editions slowest; the audit found 52% of 2014-2018 winners finished or being delivered by September 2019 and the City's own two-to-three-year target not met. Quartiers populaires took 36% of the money and 29% of the projects, but Brahimllari finds the gain territorial (public space, schools) rather than social, with gentrified quartiers capturing more winners and the eviction rule poorly understood. Inside the City, two thirds of departments say the PB brought innovative projects, accelerated purchases and funded works that had no budget, and most borough halls and departments report enriched tasks and transversality; the same audit records saturated field services, a backlog of unfinished projects from earlier editions and psychosocial risk in the PB team. Residents who proposed shelters for the homeless in 2016, the most voted project, went on to co-write the City's calls for projects, and two human-rights organisations cited the vote in a January 2017 open letter demanding housing solutions. The 2017 Ipsos focus groups describe the vote as a new right that gives flesh to citizenship, while the audit, the Commission du débat public and the 2023 Belleville motion record recurrent disappointment: projects grouped beyond recognition, delays, suspicion that the dice are loaded, two winners rejected by neighbours and abandoned, and no bilan returned to residents.

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